First Aid for Seizures – Quick, Clear Steps

Seizures can strike without warning, but knowing what to do right away can keep everyone safer. Below is a plain‑language guide you can follow the next time someone has a seizure.

Know the Signs

A typical convulsive seizure starts with a sudden loss of consciousness followed by jerking movements of the arms and legs. The person may stare blankly, bite their tongue, or lose bladder control. Not all seizures look dramatic—some are just brief lapses in awareness called absence seizures. Spotting these signs early helps you act fast.

Immediate Actions to Take

1. Stay calm. Your steady presence keeps the scene under control and reassures onlookers.

2. Clear the area. Remove sharp objects, furniture edges, or anything that could cause injury. Gently guide the person away from danger if they’re standing.

3. Protect the head. Place a folded jacket or towel under their head to cushion any impact.

4. Turn them on their side. This "recovery position" stops fluids from pooling in the mouth and lowers the risk of choking.

5. Time the seizure. Use a watch or phone timer. Most seizures end within one to two minutes. If it lasts longer than five minutes, call emergency services immediately.

6. Don’t restrain. Let the movements happen; holding them down can cause injury and doesn’t stop the seizure.

7. Avoid putting anything in their mouth. The myth that a person will swallow their tongue is false, and inserting objects can damage teeth or gums.

8. Stay with them. Once the convulsions stop, keep them on their side, monitor breathing, and comfort them as they regain awareness. Offer reassurance—most people feel disoriented but recover quickly.

If this is their first known seizure, if they’re pregnant, have a medical condition like diabetes, or you notice injury after the event, call a doctor right away. Also call for help if two seizures happen back‑to‑back without full recovery in between.

Remember to note any details—how long it lasted, what they were doing beforehand, and any triggers you observed. This information helps medical professionals decide on further evaluation.

Having a simple plan makes the difference between panic and effective help. Keep these steps handy on your phone or in a quick‑reference card, especially if you live with someone who has epilepsy.